CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Improper encoding or escaping can allow attackers to change the commands that are sent to another component, inserting malicious commands instead.
Most products follow a certain protocol that uses structured messages for communication between components, such as queries or commands. These structured messages can contain raw data interspersed with metadata or control information. For example, "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1" is a structured message containing a command ("GET") with a single argument ("/index.html") and metadata about which protocol version is being used ("HTTP/1.1").
If an application uses attacker-supplied inputs to construct a structured message without properly encoding or escaping, then the attacker could insert special characters that will cause the data to be interpreted as control information or metadata. Consequently, the component that receives the output will perform the wrong operations, or otherwise interpret the data incorrectly.
Modes of Introduction
Phase | Note |
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Implementation | |
Operation |
Applicable Platforms
Type | Class | Name | Prevalence |
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Language | Not Language-Specific | ||
Technology | AI/ML | ||
Technology | Database Server | ||
Technology | Web Server |
Relationships
View | Weakness | |||||||
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# ID | View | Status | # ID | Name | Abstraction | Structure | Status | |
CWE-1000 | Research Concepts | Draft | CWE-707 | Improper Neutralization | Pillar | Simple | Incomplete | |
CWE-1000 | Research Concepts | Draft | CWE-74 | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') | Class | Simple | Incomplete |
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
The Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPECâ„¢) effort provides a publicly available catalog of common attack patterns that helps users understand how adversaries exploit weaknesses in applications and other cyber-enabled capabilities.
CAPEC at Mitre.orgCVEs Published
CVSS Severity
CVSS Severity - By Year
CVSS Base Score
# CVE | Description | CVSS | EPSS | EPSS Trend (30 days) | Affected Products | Weaknesses | Security Advisories | Exploits | PoC | Pubblication Date | Modification Date |
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# CVE | Description | CVSS | EPSS | EPSS Trend (30 days) | Affected Products | Weaknesses | Security Advisories | PoC | Pubblication Date | Modification Date |